Fish farming is continuously increasing to meet the rising global demand for seafood. Feed is the main cost in aquaculture, which represents about 60-70% of total expenses. In aqua feed production, stabilizing feed pellets against nutrient leaching and breakage is important. Physical integrity of the pellets assures that pellets maintain their shape during handling, storage, and transport, and hence reduce nutrient loss and wastage of feed. Low integrity yields fines (small particles) that fish often ignore and can damage water quality. Pellet integrity has a direct effect on fish growth, FCR, and the environment; hence, enhancing pellet quality optimizes feed intake and minimizes waste. Influence of Pellet Integrity in Aquaculture: Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) FCR is defined as the amount of feed ingested per unit of weight increase in fish. Since fish do not efficiently consume disintegrated feed, more feed is required per unit of weight gain, increasing the FCR and overall feed cost. The quality of pellets and their integrity result in efficient feeding, where fish are able to ingest the feed effectively, thus having a lower FCR. Poor-quality pellets increase wastage and results in higher FCR. Fish Growth The physical characteristics of feed pellets, including hardness and water stability, impact directly on fish digestion and nutrient uptake. Pellets which break down too rapidly can leach nutrients out into the water and lower the nutritional content presented to fish. Conversely, well-shaped pellets improve digestion efficiency and lead to improved growth rates. Pellet Quality Binders are feed additives that enhance pellet stability. Natural binders, i.e., plant-based products, enhance pellet strength, suppress nutrient leaching, and inhibit fragmentation during handling and storage, which ensures better feed quality and fish growth. Sustainable Practices The inclusion of binder in feed and pellet quality optimization are key in ensuring aquaculture practice sustainability. Achieving high pellet integrity improves not only feed efficiency and fish growth but also reduces environmental effects by lessening feed losses and nutrient runoff. Limitations of Synthetic Binder: Traditionally, synthetic binders like Polymethylol Carbamide (PMC) have been widely used to strengthen pellets. Although effective, it exhibits certain drawbacks. PMC is a urea formaldehyde resin that leaves formaldehyde residues during pelleting and digestion. Formaldehyde is known as an irritant and a potential carcinogen. Some studies suggest that PMC shows an adverse effect on the taste or texture of feed, which results in reduced feed intake. However, with growing concerns about sustainability, performance efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, researchers are exploring more and more natural organic binders that can be considered as a viable organic alternative to PMC. EASYBIND...
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